In-source laser spectroscopy
Laser spectroscopy performed right in the target-ion-source coupled with nuclear detection at the ISAC yield station is where the first determination of atomic hyperfine structure and isotope shifts becomes possible. In the most basic form, the in-source laser spectroscopy is resonance ionization spectroscopy in a Doppler broadened atomic ensemble, and measures large effects (frequency splittings and shifts in the order of GHz). As has been demonstrated on Ag istopes, this allows for the separation of nuclear spin isomers by tuning the laser frequency that is most subject to the splittings and shifts affected by changes in nuclear charge radii, nuclear shape and nuclear magnetic moments. Where this is successful, pure beams of particular nuclear spin isomers can be delivered.
There are a few approved experiments that will use in-source laser spectroscopy to determine atomic structure (At) and nuclear properties (Ag).
20 calcium 2014 new RILIS scheme offline with subtantially enhanced yield (5x) over non-resonant | 25 manganese 2012 yield & RILIS scheme demonstrated on-line 2016 new yield measurements
| 28 nickel 2012 yield & RILIS scheme demonstrated on-line |
29 zinc 2012 yield & RILIS scheme demonstrated on-line | 30 copper 2012 yield & RILIS scheme demonstrated on-line | 38 strontium 2013 94Sr for charge breeding and post acceleration |
47 silver TRIUMF S1246 - Nuclear Spin Isomer separation with RILIS - in-source part in preparation. (Nov. 2013) 110g Ag from HP Ta target. | 48 cadmium Dec.2013 - UCx target with IG-LIS non-resonant ionization | 49 indium non-resonant ionization |
50 tin Scheerer (1992) | 51 antimony RILIS scheme developed off-line -> ready for online yields | 52 tellurium off-line development done (2018) |
61 promethium | 62 samarium 2016 yield on-line |
63 europium 2015 yield & RILIS scheme demonstrated on-line | 64 | 65 terbium 08/2016 yield |
66 dysprosium 2013 yield & RILIS scheme demonstrated on-line -> particularly useful for IG-LIS isobar free beams | 67 holmium 2013 yield & RILIS scheme demonstrated on-line -> particularly useful for IG-LIS isobar free beams | 68 erbium 08/2013 yield with classic RILIS scheme |
69 thulium 2018 yield | 70 ytterbium 2016 yield & RILIS scheme demonstrated on-line (high yields) | 71 lutetium 2015 yield with classic RILIS scheme |
81 thallium Nov. 2012 Blue-green RILIS scheme developed.
| 84 polonium Sept. 2012 Blue-Blue RILIS scheme developed. Rydberg series measured. First ionization potential Spectrochimica Acta B (2018)
| 85 astatine TRIUMF S1237 - Dec. 2010 & Sept. 2011 - continuing High lying atomic energy levels foundwith grating TiSa laser scans (fundamental & frequency doubled). New atomic energy levels found for a more efficient (50x) excitation scheme (2,1'). 198-199, 217-219At measured. CERN ISOLDE I87 - Nov. 2010/2011: first Atstatine RILIS beam ever, with a one step resonant, one step non resonant (1.1') excitation scheme. First ever experimental determination of theionization potential (IP). Literature values for 216nm and 224nm transitions confirmed. / IP determination via Rydberg series. Dec.2013 from IG-LIS (isobar free beams) fall 2014 from UCx target |
| 88 radium Jan 2012 Blue-IR-532nm RILIS scheme developed. 4x enhancement measured. Jan 2014 in-source laser spectroscopy (continuing)
| 89 actinium Sept & Dec2011/ Jan2012/ Sept2012 /Jan2014 (IG-LIS)/ Jul2014 High lying atomic energy levels scanned using fundamental & frequency doubled grating TiSa laser New atomic energy levels, and an efficient RILIS scheme were found. IS measurements - data evaluation in progress (thesis A. Teigelhoefer) |
92 uranium 08/2016 U pilot beam with blue-blue laser scheme for IG-LIS operation 12/2019 U pilot beam with (1,1") blue laser scheme | 93 neptunium 01/2020 LOI | 94 plutonium 08/2013 yield with classic RILIS scheme |